scuba diving :: essays research papers

Many people think of scuba plunge as just a swim in the water, but in reality it is a very exciting, dangerous, and potentially fatal sport and activity. There ar many types of scuba plunk, ranging from recreational to sport to career diving. Scuba Diving is just non a swim in the water, scuba requires certification, uses technical equipment, and there is a lot of risk involved with scuba diving.Scuba, which is actually an acronym for self-contained breathing appliance,Allows divers to dive deeper and stay submerged semipermanent. Scuba comes a long way from other forms of diving by using an job-tank and regulator. This is what allows them to stay under longer and dive deeper. Scuba originally began with military and commercial applications, where it is still used today. But now, by far the largest group of divers is Recreational Divers. These dives are practiced at depths of less than 130 feet, from these depths, divers can make a straight ascent to the surface. Diving beyon d this limit requires advanced training. (Lawrence, 4) in front recreational or sport divers can take a plunge into the water, they must complete a naturally in scuba diving and become certified. There are many scuba diving agencies, the largest being PADI, but there are many others, including the topic Association of Underwater Instructors and the National Association of Scuba Diving Schools. All agencies require that participants be proficient swimmers, in reasonably good health, and at least 12 years of age. The course usually consists of classroom work, practice in a pool or confined body of water, and dives in open water. In the course, students learn to use diving equipment, to equalize air pressure as they descend, to swim efficiently underwater, to clear the mask if water leaks in, and to ascend safely. Because divers cannot talk to each other underwater, they withal learn how to communicate underwater with hand signals. Scuba diving should always be practiced with at lea st one other person, and partners should remain together throughout the dive. Certification courses teach divers the rules and advantages of the buddy system. Diving partners learn to double-check each others equipment, share a single air supply, and assist one another should a problem occur. Neutral Buoyancy is an important skill taught in certification class. Neutral Buoyancy is a state, in which the individual neither sinks nor floats. In this weightless state, a diver conserves energy and air and keeps diving equipment off the bottom where it could be damaged.

Colombia :: essays research papers

ColombiaClimateThe climate, however, varies with the elevation. The low regions along the coastand the deep Pata and Magdalena river valleys are torrid, with mean annualtemperatures of 75 to 80 F. From about 1500 to 7500 ft the climate issubtropical, and from about 7500 to 10,000 ft it is temperate. Above about10,000 ft is the cold-climate zone, where temperatures range from 0 to 55 F.The average January and July temperatures in Bogot are 58 F and 57 F,respectively. The averages for the same months in Barranquilla are 80 F and 82F. Throughout the year, three-month periods of rain and dry weather alternate.Along the Pacific coast precipitation is heavy. At Bogot the annual rainfallaverages about 40 in, and in Barranquilla it averages about 32 in. Dry weatherprevails on the slopes of the Eastern Cordillera. brassColombia has a Republican form of government. Colombia has a president who iselected by popular vote. He is chosen by any man or cleaning lady 18 years or older.The presiden t can serve one four year term. He appoints a cabinet which has tobe approved by congress. Congress is composed of a House of Representatives(199 members) and a Senate (112 members).Land AreaThe total land area of the country is 440,831 sq. mi. The slap-up and largestcity is Bogota.Population Characteristics, Religion, and phraseThe population of Colombia (1993 estimate) was 34,942,767, giving the country anoverall population density of about 79 per sq. mi. About 95 percent of thepeople are Roman Catholics. elegant Protestant and Jewish minorities exist. Theofficial language of Colombia is Spanish. The racial makeup of the Colombianpopulation is diversified. About half the people are mestizo (of mixed Spanishand Native American ancestry), about 20 percent are of unmixed European ancestry,and about 14 percent are mulatto (of mixed black and neat ancestry). Theremaining 8 percent is made up of blacks, Native Americans, and people of mixedrace.HistoryIn 1538 Spanish conquistadors f ounded New Granada. In 1717 Bogota became thecapital of the Viceroyalty of New Granada which consisted of present-dayColombia, Ecuador, Panama, and Venezuela. In 1819 Simon Bolivar defeatedSpanish troops near Bogota and became the first president of the new republic ofGran Colombia.CurrencyThe basic unit of currency is the Colombian peso (829 pesos equal U.S.$1 1994).

Cisco Systems` :: essays research papers

1)The relationship between information systems, Internet Technology and lake herrings business strategy was quite intriguing. ciscos company worked hand in hand directly with the Internet and their IS system was supported by almost 45% by digital means. Their gross revenue were all Internet driven by almost half of their production. 2)Cisco is a digital firm in the many senses, while John put up will adamantly defer the fact that their company relies directly on software (digital) it is my opinion that from viewing on the proceedings it appears to all eyes that their grammatical construction is almost 75% if not more digital. Their training, applications, update forms, orders and accessibility options are all based through the Internet or some digital means.3)Ciscos reliance on information systems and the Internet was a great success until about November 2000 when there was the first 10% ebb in sales. By December 15 Chambers realized that his ales were going down the drain. Final ly in August 2001 Cisco underwent a makeover that changed the way that they depended upon the Internet and IS. Their forecasts were no interminable FULLY based upon this information rather they were used as in centralizing market analysis and finding new methods of technologies to network their company.4) Cisco reacted so slowly to the deteriorating economic condition because they had continued to aggressively expand and they had also increased their market shares. What really influenced the way Cisco responded to the economic condition was the decline of 2/3s in the technological advances in the NASDAQ. While other companies were falling around them Cisco stood strong. They continued to pour themselves heart and head into their company. Nortel Networks Ciscos rival fell largely in the market, and they continued to expand.5)I believe that Chambers and Cisco could/should have done would have been to exit back on their large all-out pushing the production buck. If Chambers had not have pushed the 600 million dollar contracts for orders of unmade parts and materials I believe that the company would have held stronger.

Low Self-Esteem and Eating Disorders Essay -- Health Weight Loss Paper

What is Self-Esteem... Self-esteem has recently been defined by Silverstone as the sense of contentment and self-acceptance that stems from a persons appraisal of their own worth, significance, attractiveness, competence and ability to adjoin their aspirations (Silverstone 1992). Self-esteem is the degree to which a person values and respects themselves, and is proud of their accomplishments. Self-esteem begins to develop in childhood, but it solidifies and gains momentum during the turbulent and trying age of adolescence. The teenage years tend to be a crucial make it or break it period when it comes to self-esteem because it is at this condemnation that youngsters are scrutinizing for an identity. If this process goes awry, the teen is likely to have negative feelings about the self, leading to a low sense of self-esteem. Many recent studies have provided evidence that disruptions in the formation and stability of ones self-esteem can lead to various psychological problems, suc h as eating rowdyisms. Are Low Self-Esteem and consume Disorders link up?Although it is often thought of as only an anecdotal contention that low selfesteem is a trait of eating disorders (Wilfiams 1993), this fact has been empirically proven time and time again. With the use of various questionnaires and inventories, researchers such as Schupak-Neuberg, Rosen and Button have found that low self-esteem occurs very commonly in patients with eating disorders. In almost cases, evidence for this relationship is so strong that it is even thought by some researchers that chronic low self-esteem is a necessary prerequisite for disturb eating (Silverstone 1992). A profile of self-concept components that are characteristic of low self-esteem are insec... ...onal Journal of Eating Disorders, Vol. 18, (4), 317-326. March, 1995. Rosen, James C., Bruce E. Compas, and Barbara Tracy. The relation among stress, psychological symptoms, and eating disorder symptoms A prospective analysis. Inter national Journal of Fating Disorders. Vol. 14, (2), 153-162. 1993. Schupak-Neuberg, Erika, and Carol J. Nemeroff. Disturbances in identity and selfregulation in bulimia nervosa Implications for a metaphorical perspective of Body as Self. International Journal of Eating Disorders. Vol. 13, (4), 335-347. 1993. Silverstone, P.H. Is chronic low self-esteem the cause of eating disorders?. Medical Hypotheses. Vol. 39, 311-315. 1992. Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph, and Margarete Voltrath. The self-image of adolescent patients with eating disorders. International Journal of Eating Disorders.. Vol. 13, (2), 221-227. 1993.

Himalayan Herders: The Significance of Latitudinality Essay -- Cultura

Himalayan Herders The Significance of Latitudinality Melvyn Goldstein and Donald Messerschmidt, the authors of The Significance of Latitudinality in Himalayan Mountain Ecosystems argues that the altitude oriented mixed mountain agriculture model where mountain pile move to higher altitudes in the summer and lower ones in the summer does not accurately reflect many areas of the Himalayans (Goldstein and Messerschmidt, 117). Instead, latitudinality lies at the core of cultural translation to the high altitude mountain ecosystem for many native Nepalese (Goldstein and Messerschmidt, 126). Of the three studied Nepalese regions (Limi, Ghaisu and Bhot Khola), latitudinal movement is just as important and third estate as latitudinal movements for the local inhabitants. The authors illustrate the point that in some Himalayan areas, the good deal do not depend on altitude variation, solely use latitudinal (north-south) habitats to create habitat and production zones (Goldstein et. al, 120). In the Mountainous areas of Limi, Ghaisu and Bhot Khola, stock-still the sons of snow (Yaks) will not survive the winter snow. To escape the snow, the people and their herds migrate only 50 to 75 miles south to pasture-land not covered by snow. This 50 to 75 mile trek is strictly latitudinal as they do not descend in elevation. These southern wintering grounds provide more grasses for grazing because of a more moderate climate. This latitudinal adjustment is cardinal to the success of pastoralism. Animal husbandry and agriculture are also important activities in the Limi, Ghaisu, and Bhot Khola regions. For example, agriculture is considered to be the foundation of Limis economy. However, because of high altitudes, agriculture cannot be grow ... ...y and its effects on pastoralism and agriculture. For example, Melemchi herders use different vertical zones throughout the year as grazing land for their animals. The book spurred a few questions of uncertainty around the article. Bishop thoroughly described the recent trend in which Nepalese men sell their herds and for many months abandon their family to try and make cash in an uneducated job in India. This insight makes the reader realize that the few isolated regions studied in Goldstein and Messerschmidts article are not typical communities even in the mountainous and rural country of Nepal. Works CitedBishop, Naomi. Himalayan Herders. Texas, Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1998. Goldstein, Melvyn and Donald Messerschmidt. The Significance of Latitudinality in Himalayan Mountain Ecosystems. Human Ecology, Vol. 8. No. 2, 1980117-133.

Scary Stories :: essays papers

Scary StoriesCampfires surrounded by frightened people listening to blood curdling stories of terror, mystery, and slaying is where screams were made. Before modern technology, before the flashy lights and whistles of Hollywood there were ghost stories. Some of the most original, chilling, and spine tingling tales ever, were told around these fires, generation after generation, with for each one one adding his or her own twist. Many spooky tales were scripted into novels and short stories with vividly graphic details.With advances in technology, black and white movies started thrilling lives. These colorless thrillers unplowed much of the movie going population up at night and checking the closets for mythical spooks. Early films such as Frankenstein would have little to no install on current thrill lovers.Time changes and so does current technology. Movies in the black and white period made use of intense symphonic harmony to build suspense and excitement. Building up unison and right at the climax a scarey boogie monster would jump out and garner an audience shriek, is a common way of producing a scarey part of any movie. In The Shining by Stephen King, the great emphasis is on harmony as a tool to pump blood through spectators veins. The Shining tells a story about a man named Johnny, that looks after a follow hotel during the winter months, while finishing his novel. With his wife and child he tended to the hotel, while a fierce blizzard blocked them in. As the week progresses, strange occurrences range to happen and eventually the man becomes possessed by the hotel. In the most famous scene, the young boy is shown riding his big wheel through the halls of the hotel. He rolls across the woody floors making a hollow wooden noise interrupted by the dull sounds of rugs scattered across his path. This combination of sounds gives viewers an forethought of something scary to come. Turning a corner the boy runs into two ghosts of brutally slaughte red little girls that haunt the place. The boy swings around and goes back across the rugs on the wooden floor, faster than before. At the very climax, the boy flies into a room with his father and out of harms way. Without the over emphasized sound, this scene would be a pointless and almost useless part of the movie.Twenty years later, humans still enjoy a good thrill, but now perfect visual effects are put into play to try to frighten viewer that have been dulled by the same old routine of music effects with zombies popping out of bushes.

Would Principles of Scientific Management

Scientific charge as proposed by F. W. Taylor is a method ground on a time and motion technique which sport real been divided into steps which helps in determining how fast a referenceicular craft can be performed and to the identification and elimination of altogether practices which leads to the wastages of time. The basic ingredients of time and motion technique begin with a stop watch as an gossip while the output consisting of an instruction sheet containing exact sequence of operations necessary for the work with exact time the same has to be completed (Klaw, 1979).The commission theory suggests for every man in an organization is like unity of a train of gear wheels (Haber, 196424) and it is these histrions who are responsible for the intersectionion of a part of the complete product. The development functioning has to be subdivided into various sections with each section responsible for a part of the whole product rather than the whole product and at the same time various automation techniques are being introduced so that workers can be assigned to single task while foreign supervisors were meant for the purpose of control. (Miller, 2002).Now we take up the case of Timbuk2. The comp whatsoever headed by Rob Honeycutt followed the way through which Toyota used to produce cars after applying the use of Toyota stitchery System. The procedure gets unfolded with the product development process has been subdivided into various phases with output of each phase being the input of next phase.A particular operator has the function of a portion of the complete product and once he or she finishes its melodic line, the output is being moved on to the next operator who performs the next operation. therefore in principle this product development process of bags for bike messenger services in Timbuk2 represents a very ideal case for possible instruction execution of Scientific Management Principle. Since the commission policy targets starts with the grass root level with workers doing repetitive jobs. In Timbak2 similar policies are being followed. The company has been very restless in obtaining impudent technology and modifying production techniques. Now expression into what Scientific Management suggest the states that a worker in a repetitive job is more interested in just achieving the minimum required target.He is non at all concerned with the term productivity and growth of the business firm and is more of less involves itself just to the do of import he or she is actually. To get over these problems, Taylor proposed many concepts of which some were accept at the time of proposal tho like the case of Ford while others were appreciated later. But still there are a large number of managers or trade unionists who is actually not a believer of Taylors Theory. Their point of contention is that it is rarely or better to say not at possible to have similar scotch interest for both management and workers.There is mistrus t amidst workers and managers. Managers are more interested in improving efficiency and overall mathematical process of the firm and consider this as their own responsibility while the worker views every attempt of training and improvement of technology or modernization process as a tactics by the management to reduce work force and extract more work by the reduced number. Workers concerns are not baseless. Taylors method has automation as the culminating point. By automation, we mean more and more work is to be done by railway cars and companys opinion on workforce forget considerably get reduced. This exit again undermine the interest of the employees and the point from where Taylors theory of total successfulness starts, gets lost. Taylor had suggested for standard training of employees to improve productivity. He also made a point that a worker should be hold upn rest breaks to get over cloy (Taylor, 1911). This will help to get more output with longer duration of caud ex utilization. His idea of training and work arrangement has the motive that a worker should be made to think that more work will result more output and finally more payment. But contempt having so overmuch novelties and goodness and loads of appreciation from great people like Henry Ford, from the beginning itself the theory was under fire and its applicability has always been a subject area of discussion. The theory which was actually meant for improving efficiency and production later faltered and the same became reason of absenteeism and lack of commitment among workers.Moving on to employees contribution in improving the and The company has been able to successfully maintain a very harmonic relationship withAccording to Backer, in his paper of 1998, implementation of scientific management gave immediate result with drastic fall in the over all cost of production with more and more product being produced at a much lower price thereby causing great change in the way it was co nsumed by the masses. But it was on the part of management to implement this concept fully. They lacked in this regard thereby causing unrest among workers causing emergence of trade unionism which Taylor used to hate and workers started going to strikes.Their causes were genuine because despite having 33% increases in overall production, workers were not given a considerable portion of the additional profit the companies made. The management started comparing their work force with machines and whence the era of low wages despite high performance started. This causes some of the great strikes in American history with one being suffered by US Steel Industry (Baker, 1998). once again it was Taylors Principles which received the blame both from the management as well as turn over unions.Later the same principles were accepted by force back unions and were widely respected once better deciphered as beneficial for organized work force because of its clause of maximum prosperity and r egular training to meet different production and efficiency targets (Backer, 1998). So finally Taylorism changed the relationship between the management and the workers.But still it was not considered as the perfect concept. Unorganized and unskilled had to face much of the heat caused by its implementation. They had to go with least of wages. This started making effect on organized sector. The skilled labor can now easily be replaced by easily trainable but unorganized and cheap workforce. And again the method and its goal were criticized in every dirt (Baker, 1998).Solution given by Taylor through his principles will always be called as a solution with a motive of complete removal of all supposed problems but had to face its share of failures. Spender in a very recent paper made a very good invoice on Taylors Solution, its successes and its failures (2006). He stated that new model factory based system of mass production of things through machines with the help of unskilled labo r who are no more than operator of those machines was developed by engineers not by capitalists.These engineers analyzed the whole production process while taking the smallest full stop into account. They applied time and motion techniques widely promoted by F. W. Taylor and made steep change in overall efficiency of the whole production process. Though the main motive was to produce more, earn more and give more to the workers but things got awry and because of different goals of management and that of workers, the most critical factor of human preference and social responsibility got subordinated (Rose, 197532).The workers were technically compared with machines and were more in an ox-cart cart situation. The engineers on the basis of Taylors method gave prominence to science for research and developed and inventory management so that complete and full fledged prosperity can be achieved. But the workers were just not ready to accept the so called individual stand of those engin eers.Their past experience were good enough to believe that these engineers are proxy agents of the owners and the concept they are applying are nothing but an attempt to increase the profit of the capitalists and in return the laborers will be awarded with something very meager . Though Taylor repeatedly stated that what ever change is going to happen will be done with nine-tenth in the management while only a very small change is going to b subjected among workers section, but his contention was merely viewed by Unionist with enough faith. In his principles, Taylor made a deep explanation of the portion of foreman.He used to be most important chassis very much equivalent to that of king with power stretching beyond workplace to places outside the factory (Taylor, 191151). Top management was very much dependent on these foremen to organize production and was more or less focused on external issues like market share and overall profitability. The addition of new technology and automation restricted the overall status of that of foremen and this was widely appreciated. But with this, Taylor inadvertently provided owners with new means to defeat labors interests. The Scientific Management caused shifting planning from execution.The workers or craftsman had no longer authorized to take any decision and were reduced to the position from where they can only follow up rather taking any part in decision making. This again made a felling that the labor are no more than a machine which are only supposed to work and must not utter a single word since all these principles have been implemented after looking into all aspects of their welfare.But what actually they would get was obscure (Spender, 2006). All this started giving rise to many labor problems which were strong enough to make changes both at the factory level as well as national politics. On giving deep thought it was concluded that the reason were not just the economic backwardness the laborers were facin g but also an impression that they will be left behind in this extra fast economic and technological growth.Again looking with the eyes of Taylor, his principles were not intended to be either labor centric or management centric. His actual wish was to develop a tout ensemble new system which would open a new era of adjustment and common objectives for both the parties. But the return of implementing Scientific Management would vary and will get diminished when the firm will take the route of total control through the use of technology but the same will give desirable result in case of un availability of the same (Edwards, 197020).The main reason behind the difference was the wide difference between different industries (Chandler, 1977). The role of foreman got different definition in different industries. Factories with the purpose of mass production were now with foremen with lesser control while the opposite was seen in metallurgical trade (Nelson, 197536). The ideology of resol ving the conflict between owners and workers by changing the whole concept of work and ownership took a backseat. His method was acclaimed and well adoptive and very few implemented or incorporated it as a whole.And the management who was supposed to be the intelligent part of the system and were considered as the one to enforce Taylors principle, failed in proper application of the concept. And another way of creating unity among workers and the administration got lost. And the reason remained the same i.e. working class and the management cannot have the same objective.Link Belt case is a very good example where Taylors concept received applause for sorting out the problems between the management and the workers (Nelson, 1992130). The firm was controlled by some of the ardent supporters of Taylor and his principles of scientific management. The company grew from being a wampum enterprise manufacturing detachable link-chain for agricultural equipments to an important player in e levating and conveying machinery market (Nelson, 1992131).The Principles of Scientific Management was implemented for the first time in the Philadelphia Plant of Link Belt. It was later adopted in its Chicago Plant. But its implementation also exposed the weaknesses of this principle. The principle was actually implemented during period of recession. The economy was going downswing. So the implementation process was completed without any hassle. But the same workforce, who was nothing more than a silent spectator during the period of recession, started demanding when the firm was under pressure of maintaining its position in the recovered and competitive market.When deeply examined, in the period 1900 to 1940, it was found that the Link Belt management actually never made any decision which were fully in conformism with the Taylors principle (Nelson, 1992130). The solution they found involved espionage and then finding the weak link and causing defection in the opposite camp. A ll these techniques had been denounced by Taylor in his Principle of Scientific management. Actually Link Belt management never ever tried to achieve industrial peace but insisted on techniques which showed their own lack of faith on this very Principle.And finally the company which was actually showcased as excellent example of Scientific Management could not find a suitable point in the Taylors Principle to tackle rising labour related issues. And thus with the whole purpose of achieving industrial harmony got lost (Nelson, 1992151).

Kantianism Essay

The thought of justifying means rather than ends seems to be more good in the long run, even if not more productive. As an officer we have trouble in this way of thinking for two reasons. First, we are in a profession in which our ends are what matters. We must produce the results that are needed, when they are needed, or we have failed to perform our duties. This means we have let overcome those in charge of us, as well as those whom we lead. Second, our means of doing things are also very important.We as officers must be example in our decisions, for if we arent whence we also fail to do our jobs. If we go about achieving a good end through bad means then we are no better than our enemies. Maxims are rules of law that we apply in our decision making to be considered rules of the Universe as a way of decision making if our actions are moral or immoral. One example of a maxim would be I can use rob a bank or take silver from people for financial gain. When applying Kants rules we test it first to see if it can be generalized.This would end up as anyone can use guide to get what they want. This would not make sense in the long run because if everyone used force to get what they want then the world would be outlaw(a) and full of chaos. Another example of a maxim would be I wont help this drowning person because they probably wont give in me. It almost makes sense to do this as doing something for little gain sometimes seems useless. However if this were to be applied as a general rule then no one would ever get help unless the Samaritan deemed it profitable to them. Both of these show how decision making in Kantianism is the key factor in deciding what to do.There are both good and bad sides to Kantianism. First, as stated previously, we need to do things based on moral reasoning and not just end results. We cant be officers who can go to the limit of Utilitarianism and allow for things such as an Omelas society. We do need to consider the good of the hale but we must do things that are moral by reason. We need to rationalize why and how we perform so that we can lead the way were supposed to. Kantianism is a good means for this and will allow officers to not only have good ends, but a good means of achieving them.

Mcmurphy a christ figure Essay

Bromden and McMurphy are led to the electroshock room after they stood up for George, a fellow ward inhabitant, and assaulted the employees. As they anticipate the electroshock therapy, Bromden is nervous and afraid. However, McMurphy strangely expresses optimism despite the grave situation. The passage in which McMurphy gets prepared for the discussion clearly alludes to a martyr, specifically Jesus saviour. McMurphy purge refers to himself as a Christ figure when he asks, Do I get a crown of thorns? McMurphy sacrifices himself for his friends in the wards. He gives up his own forefront and life for Bromden, George, Billy, and the others so that they could have hope, a daring light breaking the austere darkness. Also, like Christ, McMurphy accepts his sacrifice with some sort of willingness, obligation, and tried optimism.Though McMurphy may not have been as polite as Christ would have (Hooee, those Chinese Commies could have learned a few things from you, lady, from McMurphy t o Nurse Ratched), he admits his treatment somewhat graciously and definitely intrepidly. He sings and makes their (employees) hands shake, certainly intimidating the workers, which is true of Jesus when his responses and reactions intimidate his executor, Pilate. Kesey presents McMurphy as a strong figure plainly still vulnerable to pain as the reader can observe after he receives multiple shock therapies. He endures them as optimistically as he can, but Bromden can see that they weary him, just like how the lashing wearied Christ. Most people know the history of Jesus Christ, so the reader can foretell the ending of the story using the apparent allusions in the passage. In conclusion, the story forebodes McMurphys inevitable and important death, similar to that of Christs. His sacrifice essentially breaks limits within the ward, and in the bigger picture, within society as well.

Impacts of malnutrition on children Essay

Capacio (2013) once said that one of the underlying reasons for establishing nutriment broadcast is to provide targeted families and their children, an incentive to attend trail. It is popular strategy for achieving both educational and social objective among rail children, which includes combating and fighting aridness and malnutrition. She further said that its potential impact on education is that aside from alleviating short-term smart among children, proper(ip) nutrition improves childrens cognitive functioning and attention.Better nutrition provides them better assistance to diseases which would keep them from attending coach, thus would indirectly improve educational achievement. develop nourishment programs could help supplement the problem for malnourish children through providing them with wellnessy meals.Meanwhile, Manasan Cuenca (2007) assert that malnourished children often experience bolshy of mental capacities. They became sickly and loss their presence of mind. Because of this children that are malnourished often have low performance in direct. School feeding program is done to reduce the number of malnourished children and improve their nutritional status and at the same time improving their performance in the class.Bundy (2009) suggests that appropriately designed prepare feeding programs increase introduction to education and learning and improve childrens health and nutrition especially when integrated into comprehensive school health and nutrition programs.Similarly, a recent reassessment by Jomaa (2011) reveals relatively consistent positive effects of school feeding on energy intake, micronutrient status, school enrollment and attendance of the children participating in school feeding programs compared to non-participants.At present there are approximately 300 million chronically hungry children in the world. One hundred million of them do not attend school. And school feeding programs have beencontinuously gaining popular ity in developing countries, mostly among those affected severely by childhood hunger and malnutrition. These program aims to enhance the concentration span and learning capacity of school children by providing meals in schools to reduce malnutrition.Furthermore, Luistro (2012) said that 42,000 undernourished pupils stand to benefit from the segment of gentilitys School Based Feeding Program, which aims to boost their health and help them do well in school.He also added that the feeding program gives alimental meals to pupils fulfiling from severe malnutrition for 100 to 200 feeding days. gibe to Food for tuition Stakeholders (2000), evidence strongly suggests that school feeding programs can increase attendance rates, especially for girls. School feeding or take home rations serve as incentives for enrolling children in school and encouraging daily attendance.Early malnutrition can adversely affect physical, mental and social aspects of childs health, which as a result leads o n underweight, stunted growth, lowered immunity and mortality. The lack of nutrition imposes meaningful economic costs on individuals and nations including how it affects on academic performance and behaviors at school and long term productivity adults. Problems like delayed entry to school, less(prenominal) overall schooling, smaller stature and lower school performance among children represent a great motivation to impose feeding programs.Henceforth, the researchers embark to pursue this record in order to determine the effects of feeding program to the health condition and academic performance of the students in Maasin Central School. In addition, the researchers believe that the results of this area would help curb the problems of malnutrition especially to younger children.THEORETICAL BACKGROUNDThis study is basically premised on the theories of Ahmed (2004), Jukes, Drake Bundy (2008) and Adelman (2008). It is also supported by the following legal bases such as House Bill No. 428, House Resolution No.26 andDepEd Order No. 43, S. 2011. According to Ahmed (2004), solid empirical evidence of the impact of school feeding programmes on educational outcomes proves that school feeding increases school enrollment and attendance by lessen drop-out.Enhanced nutrition and health of primary school children leads to alter learning and decreased morbidity, paving the way for healthier lives. He further said that the school feeding programmes not only alleviate child hunger in school, but also enhance nutrition, oddly when the food is fortified with micronutrients. This raises the potential to improve a childs health, school performance and educational attainment.Furthermore, Jakes, Drake Bundy (2008) state that when school feeding targets preschool children, it can help give a child a healthy head start and pave the way for a promising future. There is compelling evidence that poor nutrition in early childhood affects cognitive development and learning potenti al and poor health is an additional barrier to education. They further said that increased access to preschool can enhance education outcomes and equity among children of primary school aged-children.School feeding should be seen as a part of a continuum and one of many potential interventions that support nutrition for pre- primary and primary school aged- children. School feeding in pre- primary schools, for children aged 3 to 5 years can be seen as pr until nowtive, and has the potential to bridge the gap between infancy and primary school age- 6 to 11 years in countries where pre- schools are part of the basic education.Meanwhile, Adelman (2008) said that improving micronutrient status through food fortification or micronutrient powders, particularly of iron, B- vitamins, vitamin A and iodine, contributes directly to enhance cognition and learning capacity. Recent studies in Kenya and Uganda proved that both in- school meals and take home rations (THRs) reduce anaemia prevalence .In addition, Grillenberger (2003) believes that school feeding enhances the diet and increases the energy and kilocalories available to a child. It targets micronutrient deficiencies, which are widespread among school- age children in developing countries and which increase susceptibility to infection, leading to absenteeism and impairing learning capacity and cognition. Alderman (2011) highlighted the importance of school feeding programmes both as a social safety net for children living in poverty and food insecurity, and as a part of national educational policies and plans.School feedingprograms can help to get children into school and help to keep them there, through enhancing enrollment and reducing absenteeism. And once the children are in school the programs can contribute to their learning through avoiding hunger and enhancing cognitive abilities. Furthermore, school health and nutrition interventions have been recognise in addressing the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs ) of universal basic education and gender equity in educational access.In order to achieve these goals, it is essential that even the poorest children, who suffer most from ill health and hunger, are able attend school and learn while there. Disadvantaged children- the poor, the marginalized, girls and children in fragile states- often suffer from ill health and malnutrition and therefore benefit most from school feeding program. According to Jacooby (2012) ascertained that school snacks in the Philippines were completely additional resources to the students in the program.That is all(prenominal) additional calorie provided in school led to an identical increase to the total calories consumed by the student during the day. Numerous studies show that in school feeding has a positive impact on school enrollment or participation in areas where initial indicators of school participation are low (Jukes, Drake Bundy 2007).Moreover, Greenhalgh (2007) Lehrer (2008) claimed that school fe eding programs which provide meals at school (SPFs) or related take home rations (THRs) can improve enrollment and attendance, can address chronic hunger or micronutrient deficiencies and, by improving health or by increasing a childs focus in the classroom, can enhance learning. According to Jomaa (2011), states that school feeding programs (SPFs) are intended to alleviate short- term hunger, improve nutrition and cognition of children and transfer income to families.He also added that the positive impact of school feeding on growth, cognition, and academic achievement of school- aged children receiving SPFs compared to non- school- fed children was less conclusive.This review identifies in the design and implementation of SPFs and calls for theory- based impact evaluations to strengthen the scientific evidence behind designing, funding and implementing SPFs Likewise, House Bill No.428 otherwise also known as Child Nutrition Act of the Philippines- (an Act establishing in the Depar tment of Education a National School Feeding Program for elementary grade pupils) requires the implementation of a National plan of Action that will keep back millions of elementary schoolchildren from malnutrition and illiteracy by establishing in the Department of Education a National Feeding Program that could significantly reduce the prevalence of malnutrition and swiftly resolve related school and pupil- learning problems.House Resolution No.26- a resolution directing the house committees on basic education, social services, health and authorities to conduct an inquiry in aid of legislation on the implementation of the Philippine Plan of Action for Nutrition (PPAN) particularly, the various feeding programs for public school children in children in early childhood care and education centers (Day Care Centers), elementary and secondary schools all over the country.The resolution was filed on January 7, 2013 by voice Jonathan A. de la Cruz. Finally, DepEd Order No. 43, S. 2011 states that the Department of Education (DepEd) through the Health and Nutrition Center (HNC) should strengthen the School Health and Nutrition Programs (SHNP) into its key programs and aline all its activities into one seamless whole.This is envisioned to make this Department better able to determine the effectiveness and relevance of its programs, and to make responsive to the DepEds kick of enhancing the students motivation and capacity for learning, improving learning, outcomes, reducing absenteeism and ensuring that school- age children are able to stay in school as enunciated in the Education for All (EFA) and Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).

Forty Studies That Changed Psychology Essay

Something important in psychology is to distinguishableiate between what is considered normal and abnormal. Psychologists need to do this to finalise what to diagnose as a psychogenic illness, and the treatment for this mental illness. Unfortunately, for everyone involved, it is not always easy to discern between what is normal behavior, sometimes c all(prenominal)ed effective psychological functioning, and abnormal behavior, which could possibly be the result of a psychological disorder. To help determine between, psychologists use a few decisive factors. This includes the context in which soul observes the behavior.In relation to context, it means that the situation matters because in one situation a behavior may be normal, but not necessarily in all situations. Another factor is the persistence of the behavior or how often, over time, the behavior continues or occurs. How far, from the accepted social norm, the behavior deviates is also an important factor. Whether or not some one is aware of his or her own psychological difficulties is subjective distress. This subjective distress is often a great help to mental health professionals in making a psychological diagnosis.When a person finds it impossible to be satisfied with life due to psychological problems, this is considered a psychological handicap. set on functioning could be considered the bottom line in psychological diagnosis the extent to which the behaviors in question interfere with a persons ability to live the life that he or she desires and that society will accept. These symptoms and characteristics of mental illness all involve judgments on the part of psychologists, psychiatrists, and others. So these mental health professionals still need to answer to important questions.Are mental health professionals truly able to distinguish between the mentally ill and the mentally healthy? In addition, what are the consequences of mistakes? These are the questions addressed by David Rosenhan in his study. Rosenhan questioned whether the characteristics that lead to psychological diagnoses reside in the patients themselves or in the in which the hoi polloi diagnosing find the patients. He reasoned that if the training mental health professionals have received for diagnosing mental illness are adequate, then those professionals should be able to distinguish correctly.Rosenhan proposed that one way to test mental health professionals ability to correctly categorize would be to admit normal people to psychiatric facilities to see if they would be categorized as healthy. If these pseudo patients behaved in the hospital as they would on the outside, and if they were not discovered to be healthy/normal, this would be indorse that diagnoses of the mentally ill are tied more to the situation than to the patient. Rosenhan recruited eight subjects to serve as pseudo patients.The subjects mission was to try to be admitted to twelve different psychological hospitals. All of the pseudo p atients followed the same instructions. They called the hospital and made an appointment. Upon arrival at the hospital, they complained of hearing voices that said specific things. Other than this one thing, all subjects acted whole normal and gave very truthful information to the interviewer other than personal information. All the subjects were admitted to the various hospitals, and all but one was admitted with a diagnosis of schizophrenia.Once inner the hospital, the pseudo patients simply behaved normally. The subjects had no idea of when they would be allowed to leave the hospital. It was up to them to gain their release by convincing the hospital rung that they were healthy plenteous to be discharged. All of the subjects took notes of their experiences. At first, they tried to conceal this activity, but soon it was clear to all that this secrecy was unnecessary, since this was seen as just another symptom of their illness.They all wanted to be released as soon as possible , so they behaved as model patients, cooperating with the staff and accepting all medications (which were not swallowed, but flushed fell the toilet). The key finding in this study was that not one of the pseudo patients was detected by anyone on the hospital staff. When they were released, their mental health status was preserve in their files as schizophrenia in remission. There were other interesting findings and observations.While the hospitals staff of doctors, nurses, and attendants failed to detect the subjects, the other patients could not be so easily fooled. Contacts between the patients and the staff were minimal and often bizarre. One of the tests made by the pseudo patients in the study was to approach various staff members and attempt to make verbal contact by asking common, normal questions. Rosenhans study demonstrated that normal people cannot be identify from the mentally ill in a hospital setting.According to Rosenhan, this is because of the overwhelming influ ence of the psychiatric hospital setting on the staffs judgment of the idiosyncratics behavior. Once patients are admitted to such a facility, there is a strong tendency for them to be viewed in ways that remove all individuality. The military capability created is that if they are there, then they must be crazy. More important is what Rosenhan refers to as the stickiness of the label. That is, when a patient is labeled as schizophrenic, it becomes his or her central characteristic or personality trait.From the moment, the label is given and the staff knows it, they perceive all of the patients behavior as stemming from that label. The hospital staff tended to ignore the situational pressures on patients and truism only the behavior relevant to the pathological traits assigned to the patients. Remember that all the subjects gave honest accounts of their pasts and families. The results pointed out two crucial factors. First, it appeared that the sane could not be distinguished fro m the insane in mental hospital settings.Second, Rosenhan demonstrated the danger of diagnostic labels. Once a person is labeled as, having a certain psychological precondition that label overcomes all of his or her other characteristics. The worst part of this sort of treatment is that it can become self-confirming. That is, if a person is treated in a certain way consistently over time, he or she may begin to behave that way. Out of Rosenhans work grew greater care in diagnostic procedures and increased awareness of the dangers of applying labels to patients.

Battle of the Atlantic Notes

Battle of the Atlantic The Battle of the Atlantic played a very significant part in World War Two. In World War Two, after the escape atDunkirk and the inspiration of the Battle of Britain, the Battle of the Atlantic was Britains next nightmare. The Battle of the Atlantic was the only thing that ever shake me. Winston Churchill. As an island Britain needed to bring in a vast amount of food and military equipment to survive the war. The German submarine force (U-boats) severely shamed our ability to survive the war hence Churchills quote above when he feared we would be starved out of the war.A great deal of our raw materials came from the States and therefore had to cross the Atlantic. In normal times this journey could be hazardous because of the weather but in the war the German submarines lead by Admiral Raeder proved a very real threat. Nazi Germany estimated that they needed to sink 150 merchant ships each month to starve us out. German submarines hunted in what were cal gu ide wolf-packs. British supply ships crossed in convoys and the ships that brought in our food etc. ere slow and they could barely protect themselves. After leaving the States they were reasonably safe while in American water and they were also more safe when they approached British waters as we could give the ships fighter tack cover. It was in the mid-Atlantic that we were at our most vulnerable and where to start with the U-boats could run riot. The Battle of the Atlantic was the longest battle in World War 2, which was fought in period from 1939 until the german defeat in 1945.It started in first days of war in 1939 when ally forces decleared naval blockad to Germany, immediately Germany launched counter attack. Struggles meet led the superlative intensity from mid-1940 through to the end of 1943. At first in the fighting participated German Navy ( Kriegsmarine ) and German air forces ( Luftwaffe )that attacked Allied merchant ships and convoys. These convoys, which was muc h traveling from North America to Britain and the Soviet Union, they initially were protected by the British and Canadian navies and air forces.At the end of 1941 U. S. air and naval forces joined justification of the convoys. In June, 1940. Italian Royal Navy( Regia Marina )joined this fight on the German side. United Kingdom was higly dependent on imported goods, they need more than a one thousand million of tons of a various materials per week to be able to deffend against German attacks. The Battle of the Atlantic was war for materials and supply alleys, associate struggled to protect supply routes that provides Britain with goods that were necessitate for making all kind of defenses against German air attacks.The Battle of the Atlantic started at first day of war and lasted for six years. There was more than green single-ship encounters and approximately 100 convoy fights, this battle involved thousands of ships and were fought on more than thousands of square miles of oc ean. The ultimate outcome of the battle was the Allied victory and the defeat of Germany,both sides have suffered great losses, Germany lost 783 U-boats and about 28 000 sailors, as well they managed to destroy 3 500 merchant ships and 175 allied warships and about 30 000 allied sailors. War lasted from 3 September 1939 8 May 1945 (5 years, 8 months and 5 days) Because Britain was an Island it relied heavily on imported goods The Nazis saw this and looked to attack and destroy and ships going into Britain Without supplies Britain would recede the war- Mission of Nazis The Nazi boats would attack in wolf packs (the U-boats attacked in large wolf-packs when a U-boat came across a convoy, it would radio its position to a play of other submarines, which would close in on the convoy.Then they would wait until nightfall and make surface attacks in numbers. On 18 October 1940, a pack of 6 Nazi U-boats attacked slow convoy SC7, drop down 15 ships in 6 hours. Next day, reinforced by th ree more U-boats, the pack attacked the 49-ship convoy HX-79, sinking 12 ships in one night) The USA tried to help Britain. In August 1940 the US gave Britain 50 destroyers in exchange for Atlantic naval bases The pee Battle of the Atlantic was coined by Winston Churchill in February 1941.It has been called the longest, largest, and most complex naval battle in history. The situation changed constantly, with one side or the other gaining advantage, as new weapons, tactics, counter-measures, and equipment were developed by both sides. The Allies gradually gained the upper hand, overcoming German surface raiders by the end of 1942 (withdrawn on Hitlers orders) and defeating the U-boats by mid-1943, though losses to U-boats continued to wars end. Allies won because Eight things helped the Allies to stop the U-boat menace. . The work of the British politybreakers at Bletchley Park in deciphering the German Enigma code was vital in giving the Allied navies the edge in the Battle of the Atlantic. In February 1942, however, the German code was improved, resulting in the Drumbeat crisis when shipping losses were their greatest until March 1943, when the German code was again broken. 2. Sonar had been invented before World War I, but after 1942 the US Navy Department developed comfort sonar which could plot accurate bearings using an echo ping.Training of sonar operators was also improved. 3. Radar was improved so that U-boats could even be detected in bad weather. 4. The British developed HF/DF (huff-duff), whereby U-boats positions could be worked out from their radio transmissions. 5. Six aircraft carriers were sent to patrol the Atlantic, and this extended air cover to the whole route convoys took. 6. Air depth-bombs were developed so that planes could attack U-boats under the water. 7.Weapons called Hedgehog and Squid were developed which allowed attack ships to catapult depth-charges up to 300 yards in front of the ship. 8. The Allies set up hunter-killer gro ups of ships, including one aircraft carrier with a number of destroyer escorts, to hunt down and sink U-boats. Book Info The Battle of the Atlantic by Andrew Williams Quotes from book- The U-Boats chief weapon was a surprise the undetected rush of a high-explosive torpedo Boats werent prepared for this new technology of subaquatic torpedoes.This made U-Boats very effective. Before sailing, all U-Boats had been issued with strict orders to operate within the Prize Rules, the international agreements governing the conduct of war at sea. Merchant ships were to be stopped and searched if found to be carrying enemy cargo they could be sunk, but only after the crew had been safely into the lifeboats Again Submarines were really new, and they couldnt go by the rules that all the other ships had (Prize Rules), they could blow up a ship with people still inside.

Nutrition analysis verB

a. How many grams of modify enkindle you consume in a day and not pass on 30 percent of your kilogram calories from red-hot? Use the CNPP recommendation for your daily calorie recommendation to calculate your answer. How did you do in this area for the day you recorded?On the standard daily calorie intake of 2,200 recommended for very active young women, the upper limit for juicy intake is 73 grams (660 calories). If I was to be inactive man or an active woman, I would roughly have to meet the same requirement, which is not to take in more than 73 grams of fat in a dayb. How many grams of virtuous fat can you consume in a day and not exceed 10 percent of calories from saturated fat? How did you do in this area for the day you recorded?I need to consume merely ten percent of calories from saturated fat, meaning, I may not exceed more than 300 mg of saturated fats in day. Saturated fats such as cholesterol, and trans fat which is not only bad for my diet notwithstanding will also clog up my aorta(major heart vein).c. For the day you recorded your intake if you ate a serving of a high-fat nutriment, for example, lasagna, how could you avoid exceeding the recommended fat intake for the day?During the event that I eat pabulum containing high amounts of fat, to be able to balance the amount of fat intake, I eat food that contain less fat and eat foods that were boiled, broiled or grilled. In doing so, I end up taking in less fat and put away eating a lot. Because even if we avoid frying food it will still most likely contain fat, so I will at least minimize the amount of fat included in everything else I eat.d. If you could substitute a serving of lower fat lasagna for the higher fat choice, what effect would this have on your other food choices and on your calorie and nutrient intakes for that day?Replacing the lasagna, which contains a large amount of fat with lasagna that contains a lot less, will definitely make it a lot easier for someone to compens ate c at a timerning the other food options that I may have. Instead of having to train low calorie and fat containing food, which may turn out to be bland, I can opt to eat regular food options that can not only fill my stomach but also fill my calorie requirement for the day.e. Considering regular lasagna, which ingredients most likely contribute most to the total fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol in the higher fat lasagna selection?Perhaps lasagna could be included in ones diet at once a week, like on Sundays or special holidays. Making lasagna, with all its calories and fats, a part of ones daily diet is not only irrational but is also risky when it comes to ones health.f. How could you change those ingredients to reflect a reduction in fat content?I can reduce the fat content of lasagna by placing whole-wheat lasagna instead of the regular pasta, decreasing the amount of virgin olive oil that is set in it, placing less butter, and also using ground chicken rather than grou nd beef.g. How did the days recorded total for calories and vitamins compare with your recommended amounts? Did the days meals meet or exceed your need for energy? Describe how your actual intake varied from the CNPP recommendation.Happily, I was able to exceed the needed amounts for calories and vitamins for the day. As for the vitamins, I was happy to receive that I exceeded it because it means that I am eating a healthy diet. Although for the calorie intake, it scares me a bit because eating a calorie pack food without expending it properly will result to added body fats.h. Did your meals present too little of any of the vitamins and minerals listed in the CNPP materials? Which ones?Actually, my vitamin intake for the day exceeded what was anticipate from me greatly. I was able to take in more than what was required from me according to CNPP, which means none of them where under-represented.i. What changes in your choices among those foods would have improved the energy or vita min or mineral totals for the day?Improvement when taken in a standard meaning would actually mean to increase, but in my case, to improve my diet I would have to decrease my energy intake and simply maintain my vitamin and mineral intake for the day.j. Did your choices provide enough folate to meet your requirement?I am glad to say that I actually met the required amount of folate that I had to take in within one day. In fact I was able to take in twice the required amount of 400 micrograms and was able to take in 784.5 micrograms.k. What are the sources of niacin in your days meals?Niacin is not really that extensive in standard food. Niacin can actually be found in whole refined grains. When move refine grain they are required by law to add folic acid, NIACIN, iron and riboflavin. So therefore eating refined grains at least once a day may add to my Niacin intake.l. What active Vitamin C? What percentage of your daily need of Vitamin C did your meals provide? Which individual f oods were the main contributors? To what food groups do they belong?I was able to take in a total of 126.78% vitamin C within one day. Vitamin C or Ascorbic Acid is abundant in Citrus filled drinks and meals such as lemons, oranges and lime, all of which are in the Fruits part of the Food Pyramid. Also aside from normal food intake, it is lightsome to receive vitamin C by simply buying it in a local drugstore.m. How did your total energy intake compare with your energy recommendation? Is this agreeable with your nutritional goals?In my food intake, I was able to take 6604 kcal worth energy, which is three times more the recommended 2339 kcal goal for a day. It is very impressive to see that I was able to take in that much energy. However, it is also true that if I am not able to expend that energy within a day, it turns to body fat which is terrible to have.n. Which of your foods are vitamin bargains? Those would be foods which are vitamin-dense, providing the most vitamins for th e fewest calories.Fruits and vegetables of course give me the most amounts of vitamins without having to increase my total number of calories significantly. In fact it can be noted that the best source of vitamins are vegetables because they dont contain fructose like fruits do, but they contain a minimal amount of starch which makes up a good low calorie diet.o. Breakfast cereals are a great source of vitamins. What characteristic of these foods makes them so rich in vitamins?Breakfast cereals are made from plants specifically corn, wheat, and grains. Corn in itself is full of vitamins and wheat and grains may contain some vitamins as well. In addition, the fact that when we eat cereals it always comes with full cream or filled milk, which adds a significant amount of vitamins in a persons diet.p. What can you say about your recorded food intake and the vitamins and minerals that you obtained from the foods you ate that day?I can say that I actually exceed the requirements that are set for a match diet. Although this is not such a good thing because too much of certain food groups may cause complications to my health.ReferencesDietary guidelines and the Guide to the Food Pyramid. West Virginia University, declination 22, 2007, from http//www.wvu.edu/exten/infores/pubs/fypubs/WLG_132_Food_Pyramid.pdfDietary Guidelines for Americans 2005, USDHHS, USDA, December 22,2007. fromKantor, L.S. December 22, 2007, from http//www.ers.usda.gov/publications/aer772/aer772a.pdfLawrence J. Appel, M.D., M.P.H., Benjamin Caballero, M.D., Ph.D., and Fergus M. Clydesdale, Ph.D. Dietary Guidelines for Americans. December 22, 2007, from www.healthierus.gov/dietaryguidelinesNational Institute of Mental Health. (1990). Clinical training in serious mental illness (DHHS Publication no ADM 90-1679). Washington, DC U.S. Government Printing Office.

Federal Budget Deficit

Excessive Borrowing Our Federal Goernments Budget Deficit Maria comes home virtuoso day earlier than usual. Her family, two daughters of age five and eight and a stay-at-home husband, is surprised to instruct her so early and unexpectedly. The tired look on her face reveals the experience she had at work. She starts out a sluggish smile as her daughters rush up to greet her with their warm embraces, reminding her of the happiness they constantly propose but also saddened by their questionable future. Quietly, she sits down in front of her anxious fellow as he patiently awaits the news, sensing the tension in the air.Many people like Maria face the supreme doom of losing the only method they can gain family income, especi aloney in homes where only one spouse is employed. Laying off workers is the presidencys plan for reducing Americas deficit. Of course, getting rid of the executive CEO whose company had a rough year would be bad because we all know not to bite the hand that fee ds you. The case organization is planning on making the gap between revenue and borrowing smaller by making cuts here and there throughout certain interests of America.This makes sense because in all economic situations, if you ar authoriseing much than you have, then you either need to cut back on how much you spend or manipulate ways to increase revenue. Cutting military spending has been big in confer whether as to reduce our defenses or not. Many people speculate that military cuts atomic number 18 sound in reducing the deficit because it is too large for us to afford today. It is overlooked that we have been dropping our fortify forces significantly over several decades since the early 1980s, from 2. 1 million to 1. 4 million in 2010 (Samuelson).The resulting nest egg of lowering military spending would be little, since there isnt much else to cut from the already reduced forces. If our national security is a large concern, especially after 9/11, then why expose two troops and citizens at risk of terrorist attacks and cyber warfare? The governments job is to protect the nation and its people, and depositting cash towards meliorate technology and training is necessary for upholding Americas safety and reputation. The question of the budget deficit also involves the issue of training taxes, one that has not gone smoothly since Britains reign over the colonies.Many people argue the importance of increase the taxes on the rich in order to support our economy. Although it makes sense that those with much money should be pay more on taxes than lower income people, but the evidence gathered fails to give strength to the claim that some(prenominal) believe is a solution to the deficit problem. For instance, Obamas plan for raising the taxes for those making more than $250,00 is expected to bring in merely $0. 7 trillion compared to the overwhelming $13 trillion to be accumulated over the same time period (Malm, Sanandaji).It is obvious how big t he gap is between the two intimidating numbers, and the government is scantily wasting its breath about the potential tax hikes. All the talk about the requisite decisions of either cutting government programs or increasing taxes to save our deficit, and our economy overall, seems ominous and depressing(Aaron). However, our federal government is looking at this the wrong way. Its not about how much a program is cut or how large the numeric value of the deficit is its about what and where the money is being invested to enable consistent exploitation in the upcoming future(Conason).Think back on the potential tax hikes and how it could barely affect our economy. If increase taxes leads to tenuous growth in revenue, then wont tax cuts lead to loss in revenue? This is another misconception numerous people, and the government, have about the Bush tax cuts. It lowered the total federal tax burden in order to increase market incentives to work, save, and invest and thus create jobs an d increase economic growth (Foy). In essence, the tax cuts focused on the long run instead of the potential losses that immediately followed.Many skeptics altercate the reasoning for investing so much money into helping so many other countries when that money could instead help us improve internal affairs. After all, foreign aid spending has increased to $50 billion a year today, which could be put towards funding education to ensure that more kids go to college and possibly affecting the innovation of the future(Morris). Giving more than you receive is nice, but when it involves a countrys pecuniary crisis, maybe its best if Santa cuts back some of this years presents.And although the argument may be valid, lending out a helping hand can create more allies than enemies to help us in rejoinder when we need it. In fact, foreign aid only accounts for 0. 5 percent of the federal budget (Stearn). Compared to all the other matters at hand that the government is worrying about, the amou nt of spending put into aiding poorer countries is positive in both a moral aspect and a political aspect. The federal budget deficit that we put so much trust in having handled for us is not to be dismissed so easily. This isnt just about the future of our current generation, but also our childrens future.Our government fails to look back at biography and see how growth has improved our economy and made it flourish. Ultimately, whats at stake here if nothing is make is our jobs, job benefits, our safety, and, overall, having a weak country whose currency is based off of its own good name. By no means is having a high deficit bad, and neither is creating a budget deficit to chip it, but its all about how the government is handling it, and less spending doesnt always mean more revenue. Works Cited Samuelson, Robert J. The Dangerous Debate over Cutting Military Spending. http//www. washingtonpost. com/opinions/the-dangerous-debate-over-cutting-military-spending/2011/10/28/gIQAnPWEX M_story. html. 2011. Rpt. inThe US Deficit. Ed. Kathy Jennings and Lynn M. Zott. Detroit Greenhaven Press, 2013. Opposing Viewpoints. Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 25 Feb. 2013. Sanandaji, Tino, and Arvid Malm. Raising taxes Will Not Resolve the Budget Deficit. The US Deficit. Ed. Kathy Jennings and Lynn M. Zott. Detroit Greenhaven Press, 2013. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from Obamas Folly Why Taxing the Rich Is No Solution. http//www. american. com/archive/2011/august/obamasfollytaxingtherich/ article_print. 2011. Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 25 Feb. 2013. Conason, Joe. Deficits Do Not Matter. The Federal Budget Deficit. Ed. Susan Hunnicutt. Detroit Greenhaven Press, 2010. At Issue. Rpt. from Dick Cheney Was Right Deficits Dont Matterand Republicans Who are Complaining About Barack Obamas Spending Are Hypocrites. Salon. com. 2009. Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 25 Feb. 2013. Aaron, Henry J. The United States call for to Address Two Distinct Budget Deficits. Gov ernment Spending. Ed. Noel Merino. Detroit Greenhaven Press, 2013. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from A Tale of Two Deficits full point Treating Them Like Theyre the Same Thing New Republic(1 June 2011). Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 25 Feb. 2013. Foy, Andrew, and Brenton Stransky. The Bush Tax Cuts Were Good for Economic Growth. Government Spending. Ed. Noel Merino. Detroit Greenhaven Press, 2013. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from Lying About Bushs Tax Cuts. www. americanthinker. com. 2010. Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 25 Feb. 2013.Stearns, Richard. Congress Should Not Cut conflicting Aid. Is unlike Aid Necessary? Ed. David Haugen and Susan Musser. Detroit Greenhaven Press, 2013. At Issue. Rpt. from Cutting Foreign Aid Not the America I Love. Huffington Post. 2011. Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 25 Feb. 2013. Morris, Dick. Congress Should Cut Foreign Aid. Is Foreign Aid Necessary? Ed. David Haugen and Susan Musser. Detroit Greenhaven Press, 2013. At Issue. Rpt. fro m Cut Foreign Aid Budget Now. http//thehill. com(29 Mar. 2011). Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 25 Feb. 2013.

Evaluation of the Most Important Decade in American History

This paper is going to be a clapperclaw by step evaluation of arguably the around important decade in American History. The time period cover in this paper is 1789-1801. These are the years in which the Federalists had the most influence in the invigorated giving medication. They set up an amazing amount in these 12 years.The Federalist Party was unrivaled of the first political organizations in the join States. The members of this party supported a strong of import organization, a large love-in-idlenesstime army and navy, and a unchangeable financial system.Although the first president, George Washington, was not a Federalist, his Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton, was the developer and leader of the Federalist party. Hamilton believed in a clean interpretation of the Constitution so that the central government could become more strengthful. Also Hamilton, along with the another(prenominal) party members, believed that commerce and military personnelufactur ing were more important than agriculture.During the first two years of the new federal government the biggest problem was that of raising m unrivalledy. At first the Congress adopted a small tariff on imports. This was a start but not nearly copious. The government needed this money to maintain its accept existence and to be able to pay of the debt. The existence of the government was a necessity, but there was a lot of discussion as to whether the debt should be payed off.The mare magnitude of the debt seemed to compel some measure of avoidance. In 1789, the national debt totaled more than $50 million, $11,700,000 of which was owed to France and Spain and the private lodgeers of Netherlands, while $40 million was in the course of instruction of securities held by citizens of the United States. The interests owed to the bankers were being payed off by loans from the bankers themselves. The government didnt even pee-pee enough money to pay the Barbary corsairs for release of cap tive sailorsWhen Congress couldnt come up with a resultant role that was satisfactory, they turned to Alexander Hamilton with the dilemma. He currently proceeded to draw up a full report authorize Report on Public Credit. In this paper Hamilton proceeded to show that the only way for a new government to collapse credit was to deal honestly with its creditors -for in many cases they would be the pack to whom the government must look to for future loans.This constitution received strong opposition from capital of Wisconsin and other soon to become Republicans (second political party in America). The federalists held strongly, but only with the passing of the Assumption Bill (movement of crownwork more toward the S prohibitedh) where they able to pass the bill.This achievement was significant, but lacked two things which would be necessary to carry it out. For one it lacked a circulating medium, and two it lacked a central bank. Hamilton then proposed a remedy. He wanted to esta blish a corporation that was to be called the Bank of the United States. This bank was to serve as the principle monument for government funds. It was also to serve as the issuer of bank notes.This was a loose interpretation of the constitution. Again Madison led the opposition to no avail. But Hamilton held strongly to his belief that even the most uncompromising confrontation of the bank would, in one months experience as head of that department of the treasury, be compelled to acknowledge that it is an absolutely indispensable engine in the management of the finances, and would quickly become a change to its perfect constitutionality. This plan favored the central government.The bank made little banks, who couldnt compete, go out of business. The rich ended up being able to buy a part in the bank and so got richer, and the poor and middle class didnt get the benefits. The central government was becoming egotism sufficient, and less dependent on the relegates.What Hamilton di d is make the nation stronger in the eyes of other nations. This is a spectacular accomplishment. If the Federalists (they didnt call themselves that until 1792) werent in power the nation would have been weaker and more decentralized.There were 3 views on the French Revolution and the French-British war in 1793. Jeffersons chase favored France. They wanted to patronize by the treaty America signed with France in 1788. They thought it was the right thing to do.Hamiltons followers favored Great Britain. They wanted to develop better relations with great Britain for economic reasons. They sought to reach all the relations with the new French government and to ally America with England.The third view was the one interpreted by George Washington. He realized that a war with England on the side of the French would be suicidal, but at the same time he didnt want America to be know as the nation that breaks treaties. George Washington proclaimed that America will be neutral. He forbad e any American citizen from helping any warring nation.Without the Federalists there to oppose a war with England America might have been wiped out. The Federalists were looking out for the best interest of the untaught at the expense of another nation. George Washington who didnt belong to any party clear-cut not to follow either view.During legerdemain Adams tenure as president the Federalists passed some(prenominal) laws which made them unpopular in the eyes of the American public. These laws made the people annul enough not to reelect most of the Federalists that were in Congress. This was the last term in which the federalists were influential. It is important to state these laws and why they passed them.The Federalists had become more favorable toward France and the Republicans started despising France, especially after the insulting X Y Z affair. Adams was favoring France as he tried to keep the nation out of war with France. He secured peace once Napoleon came into powe r in 1799.The resentment of the population toward France jeopardized this treaty. The Federalist majority in Congress decided to pass the Alien and sedition acts in order to weaken the supporters of war with France (mainly the Republicans). Adams himself was against these laws. These measures were hated. Some of the extreme measures taken to combat them were the Kentucky and Virginia resolutions. These measures tried to say that the laws were unconstitutional.When the time of the next election came the people of the nation had a resource of either maintaining the ways of the Federalists or vote for Jefferson and the republicans. The people, who were mostly farmers at the time, saw the threat to the common mans rights and so they voted Jefferson and other Republicans into office.This was probably the only thing that the federalist ever really messed up. They made the country strong but then went too far and people took them out of the national take in. The federalist party would n eer see such strong days again. Its power dwindled down slowly until the party vanished from the national picture in 1816.Although no longer influential in Congress the federalist remained in control in several states. Some states had federalists in office as far down as 1820. This wasnt though what kept the federalist ideals in America.John Marshall, chief justice of supreme court, began his tenure in 1801. Justice Marshall was a steadfast Federalist. He maintained the Federalist ways long after the party seized to exist. Decision after finis chief Marshall declared the central government supreme to the state. He stretched the constitution far in seeing that the states yield rights to the federal government. He maintained this for 34 years, shaping the loose collection of states into a solid National Union.Another way that the Federalist ideals were maintained comes from their opponents. Upon gaining control of the Congress and Presidency the Democratic-Republicans maintained mos t of the programs set up by the Federalists. The alien and sedition laws were repealed and everyone arrested under them was let go, but other than that the central government maintained the control gained under the federalists, relinquishing little. The Republicans even strengthened the federal government on occasion. By buying Louisiana Jefferson extended the abilities of the central government.The years under George Washington and John Adams diagnose a record of accomplishments not met since. The Federalists followed Hamiltons counsel to think continentally. A federal judiciary was established, the onerous power was used, the national debt was handled, American credit was fixed, and territory was cleared of the British and Spanish populations.In extraneous affairs America gained respect. Neutrality was maintained, at the price of the French alliance and concessions with Britain. The objective of the foreign policy was survival. The objective was met.The Federalist did a great job starting up the country. After all, many of the leaders including John Adams and George Washington thought that the Union would not last past their lifetimes. The experiment entrusted to the hands of the American people, as said President Washington, turned out very well. Just look at the power America has today.

Whether Taxation Is The Most Effective Solution To Market Failures

?Discuss whether revenue enhancement is the most sound solution to grocery ill fortunes arising from negative externalities Market failure is when the free market fails to lead an efficient allocation of resources. Negative externalities are the costs to a third party of a accompaniment action, and it is where the social cost is greater than the private cost. Taxation is a solution to sort out market failure which is arising from negative externalities. Introducing an indirect revenue enhancement, (a appraise levied on goods and services), hind end generate a reduction in utilisation of the good which produce the negative externalities.An indirect tax can internalise the cost of the negative outwardness by discouraging its production. The government places a tax on manufacturers, which will increase their costs of production. This can be shown in a diagram. The increase in costs of production will cut off render and therefore swop the supply curve in from S to S1 which results in an increase in toll from P to P1 and a decrease in quantity from Q to Q1. The tax is indicated on the graph as the departure between S and S1. However, the effectiveness of this tax depends on the price elasticity of demand for the product.If the PED is inelastic, consumers will be unresponsive to a change in price, so producers may pass on most of the tax burden to consumers, who will continue to buy the product. The tax implant by the government essential be equal to the size of the external costs associated with the product, and this is difficult to see especially if the effect is not quantifiable. If the tax was unsex too low, it would be ineffective, and if it was set too high, the consumers may stop purchasing it altogether, which may have got other undesirable outcomes. The amount of tax compensable by the consumer is shown by area A, and the amount paid by producers is shown by area B.Ideally, producers should bear the full cost of the tax, but goods with inelastic demand may mean that they shift this on to consumers. Where consumers pay much, this is a situation where taxation is ineffective at cut market failure as it has not reduced consumption of goods causing negative externalities. A ground why indirect taxation may be effective in correcting market failure is that the form _or_ system of government will generate revenue for the government. The revenue collected will be greater if the tax is set on inelastic goods because this means that consumers will pay for them regardless of an increase in price.Also, the revenue pull together from the tax can be used to fund schemes to reduce consumption of the product, for example, educating the younger people on the negative effects of an action. The revenue could also be used to correct the market failure by minimising the effect on the third parties. Another way of dealing with negative externalities is government legislation to correct the market failure. Placing restrictions on demerit goods, (their consumption is more harmful than realised), can help to reduce market failure as it is their use that often leads to negative externalities arising.Legislation can be effective, but it takes a unyielding time to enforce and can also be costly. Overall, introduction of an indirect tax can reduce market failure which arises from negative externalities. The reduction in supply that results from the tax increases the price and decreases the quantity, which causes a shift along the demand curve. This increase in price may deter consumers from purchasing the good. However, it is difficult to set the correct amount of tax on the good, because often, the negative effects are not quantifiable, and their value must be judged.It is important that the level of tax is just right, because if it is set too low, it will be ineffective, and if set too high, consumers may completely stop purchasing it, which may have other undesirable effects. The producer must pay the greater proportion of the tax, but if the demand for the product is inelastic, they may shift this on to consumers, who will pay for it regardless of the price. On its own, taxation may not be the most effective way of correcting market failure arising from negative externalities, but together with legislation, may provide to be more effective..

Belonging speech

She stood in the middle of the hall of an unfamiliar house, where the jazz washed against the windows as she comprehend a howling noise. Her exculpate eyes saw the old picture frames, of her bring forth as teenager, as the hallway light flicker on and forward. As she walked take the hall the floorboards creaked with every beat she would take. The emotional state of her grandmother weaved past her nose, fetching her back to a time she had forgotten about. I sit down with my grandmother fronting at old photographs she had keep by means of out the years.They were old & had shoddy edges plainly with Just one look at the photo, I imagined my father walking in at a time equivalent this. I imagined his face, acknowledgeing I was safe & with someone who would look after(prenominal) me. notwithstanding every time I remembered what he looked akin, I couldnt help still imagine what it would be like if he saw me like this. My father wasnt one to say much but he never, wish to hear me upset or cry. I threw my head back and tasted the tears. I knew I would fell him, but non this much. He was of honest height, with dark hair and olive skin & was ever so jocular around.I know that I was, and would always be, his daughter and that no matter what happened in between he would always denounce a way to consider her home. Belonging. Belonging is the master(prenominal) need or want to be a part of ones self, a place, a group, or the boarder of community. When one Belongs they feel that they be real & welcome, are contempt with their position inside society. As such, Belonging is primarily an internal feeling & is unyielding by the case-by-case. I will look the view of the unprejudiced portray, Immigrants my own creative writing called My Fathers female child.In my ternion texts I have elect you develop a per countersignalized detailed appreciation of the c at oncept Belonging. all(prenominal) of these texts entorces the reader on a new concept ot be & now one idiosyncratic female genital organ see things differently. The simple gift explores the race between a young piece & an old man & shows the scene of three different characters. from each one character brings out there own personal contexts of the inclination of Belonging. honest-to-goodness bill, in The dim-witted pose shows & expresses the connection this man has with culture & life & how he sees himself pon society. The wind & rain hits you in the face with the hale of a fathers punch. This quote from the numbers moth-eaten in the simple gift shows us that nightstick, the main character, is stressful to escape from the violence of his own home life. The weather is use in many ways to consume atmosphere to set a scene. My image Immigrants shows mood & tone, pall colour represent loss of identity, this is seen by means of their washed out faces, the artist has used recurring fire in notions of Belonging. There are signs of wish & displacement shown is this image .The image deals with the theme of migrant experiences & what changes the individual has undergone. A decision to start a new life in hope to have a imperious outcome. With individuals experiencing change to belong to a certain group or place, in My Fathers Daughter you see a sign of once belong, she once knew she belonged with her father. Through the death of her father you imagine how her emotional state, leaving her emotionally unstable, limiting her to not belong anymore. figureing back at old photos symbolizes the happiness her father brought, the uniform as n The Simple Gift. l love this place, I love the flow of the cold piss all over the rocks. The poem Westfield creek opens with the repetition of the words l love this. The author Henrick produce to key the natural elements through which Billy finds a maven of identity belong to a place. Theretore it becomes explicit t at n through choosing not to belong prat enhance a groups power to urina te a separate identity. It is important to create to form connections with the wider world before this identity skunk range any meaning.Belonging rowI want you to do something for me, I want you to think of your parents, now in the same scene put yourself there. Tell me, what have you transmitted from your parents, is it just their physical appearance or is it their way of thinking also. What if I were to tell you that its something much more, that each and every one of us, have inherited our parents good sense of belonging or not belonging.This hereditary trait if you will, is revealed in such texts as Bruce Dawes Lifecycle, where young children inherit belonging to football. The icon angiotensin converting enzyme Ventura 3 as belonging is present in the Ventura family by saving animals. And range Stevenss song Father and Son which tells a story of a son thinking he belongs somewhere other than home. These texts all have belonging passed down from generation to generation .You all know Lifecycle, a poem by Bruce Dawe, that runs football parallel to religion. Football is the centre of belonging for the newborn children. In the opening cablegram When children are born in Victoria they are wrapped in the club-colours, it displays the use of hyperbole to fierceness the strength of the inherit belonging to a football club. A simile is used in they leave surface and are forever lost, their minds rippling out like streamers, this shows the day the young children are affiliated into the cult of football, just like their parents before them. This belonging to their football club is also seen in, they will not grow as those from the Northern States grow old, this allusion to Ode To The Fallen highlights the event that Southern states have an inherited belonging to football that cannot be rivaled by the Northern States that just follow a team for the interest group of it.Ace Ventura 3 like Lifecycle has an immense connection to belonging being inherited. Directed by David Evans the movie is based around Ace Jr, a 12 year old boy that feels a relationship to saving animals, having never meet or told about his father, who was once a great Pet Detective, it can be seen that his belonging to saving animals has been inherited. Ace Jr repeatedly, throughout the film, uses mannerisms and idioms of his father, such as Allllrighty Then and the simile want a glove. Having never heard his father, these saying are completely inherited and give Ace Jr belonging to the Ventura family. Visual puns are used in conjunction, which include Ace Jr having a comb over and wearing Hawaiian shirts. Once again these are his fathers trademarks in the two previous films. Ace Jrs belonging of being a Pet Detective, has completely without question, come from his fathers genes therefore being inherited.We can see other parent-child relationship similar to Ace Ventura 3, in Cat Stevens, Father and Son, a song off his 1970 album Tea For The Tillerman. The song is a running commentary of a conversation of a son that wants to leave home and the father pressuring him to stay. The father of course knows what the son is going through, with his doubts of not belonging, due to the fact that is was passed down and inherited. The line I was once like you are now is a simile that alludes to this. likewise repetition is used with the word stay describing the thoughts of the father about the sons plight. The last line of the song Look at me I am old but Im happy juxtaposes happiness with age, Cat Stevens does this, to signify that the Sons sense of belonging, develops with age just like his fathers.This sense of belonging is therefore hereditary, both in this song, Ace Ventura 3 and Lifecycle, as well as all of us in this room now. We have inherited our sense of belonging.Belonging speechShe stood in the middle of the hall of an unfamiliar house, where the wind washed against the windows as she heard a howling noise. Her empty eyes saw the old pictu re frames, of her father as teenager, as the hallway light flickering on and off. As she walked down the hall the floorboards creaked with every step she would take. The smell of her grandmother weaved past her nose, taking her back to a time she had forgotten about. I sat down with my grandmother looking at old photographs she had keep through out the years.They were old & had tacky edges but with Just one look at the photo, I imagined my father walking in at a time like this. I imagined his face, knowing I was safe & with someone who would look after me. But every time I remembered what he looked like, I couldnt help but imagine what it would be like if he saw me like this. My father wasnt one to say much but he never, liked to see me upset or cry. I threw my head back and tasted the tears. I knew I would miss him, but not this much. He was of average height, with dark hair and olive skin & was always Joking around.I know that I was, and would always be, his daughter and that no m atter what happened in between he would always make a way to bring her home. Belonging. Belonging is the important need or want to be a part of ones self, a place, a group, or the boarder of community. When one Belongs they feel that they are accepted & welcome, are contempt with their position within society. As such, Belonging is primarily an internal feeling & is determined by the individual. I will explore the view of the simple gift, Immigrants my own creative writing called My Fathers Daughter.In my three texts I have chosen you develop a personalized detailed appreciation of the concept Belonging. Each of these texts entorces the reader on a new concept ot belonging & now one individual can see things differently. The simple gift explores the relationship between a young man & an old man & shows the perspective of three different characters. Each character brings out there own personal contexts of the idea of Belonging. Old bill, in The Simple Gift shows & expresses the conn ection this man has with culture & life & how he sees himself pon society. The wind & rain hits you in the face with the force of a fathers punch. This quote from the poem cold in the simple gift shows us that Billy, the main character, is trying to escape from the violence of his own home life. The weather is used in many ways to convey atmosphere to set a scene. My image Immigrants shows mood & tone, dull colours represent loss of identity, this is seen through their washed out faces, the artist has used recurring interest in notions of Belonging. There are signs of hope & displacement shown is this image .The image deals with the theme of migrant experiences & what changes the individual has undergone. A decision to start a new life in hope to have a positive outcome. With individuals experiencing change to belong to a certain group or place, in My Fathers Daughter you see a sign of once belonging, she once knew she belonged with her father. Through the death of her father you i magine how her emotional state, leaving her emotionally unstable, limiting her to not belonging anymore. Looking back at old photos symbolizes the happiness her father brought, the same as n The Simple Gift. l love this place, I love the flow of the cold water over the rocks. The poem Westfield Creek opens with the repetition of the words l love this. The author Henrick proceeds to list the natural elements through which Billy finds a sense of identity belonging to a place. Theretore it becomes evident t at n through choosing not to belong can enhance a groups ability to create a separate identity. It is important to create to form connections with the wider world before this identity can hold any meaning.Belonging speechShe stood in the middle of the hall of an unfamiliar house, where the wind washed against the windows as she heard a howling noise. Her empty eyes saw the old picture frames, of her father as teenager, as the hallway light flickering on and off. As she walked down the hall the floorboards creaked with every step she would take. The smell of her grandmother weaved past her nose, taking her back to a time she had forgotten about. I sat down with my grandmother looking at old photographs she had keep through out the years.They were old & had tacky edges but with Just one look at the photo, I imagined my father walking in at a time like this. I imagined his face, knowing I was safe & with someone who would look after me. But every time I remembered what he looked like, I couldnt help but imagine what it would be like if he saw me like this. My father wasnt one to say much but he never, liked to see me upset or cry. I threw my head back and tasted the tears. I knew I would miss him, but not this much. He was of average height, with dark hair and olive skin & was always Joking around.I know that I was, and would always be, his daughter and that no matter what happened in between he would always make a way to bring her home. Belonging. Belonging is the important need or want to be a part of ones self, a place, a group, or the boarder of community. When one Belongs they feel that they are accepted & welcome, are contempt with their position within society. As such, Belonging is primarily an internal feeling & is determined by the individual. I will explore the view of the simple gift, Immigrants my own creative writing called My Fathers Daughter.In my three texts I have chosen you develop a personalized detailed appreciation of the concept Belonging. Each of these texts entorces the reader on a new concept ot belonging & now one individual can see things differently. The simple gift explores the relationship between a young man & an old man & shows the perspective of three different characters. Each character brings out there own personal contexts of the idea of Belonging. Old bill, in The Simple Gift shows & expresses the connection this man has with culture & life & how he sees himself pon society. The wind & rain hits you in the face with the force of a fathers punch. This quote from the poem cold in the simple gift shows us that Billy, the main character, is trying to escape from the violence of his own home life. The weather is used in many ways to convey atmosphere to set a scene. My image Immigrants shows mood & tone, dull colours represent loss of identity, this is seen through their washed out faces, the artist has used recurring interest in notions of Belonging. There are signs of hope & displacement shown is this image .The image deals with the theme of migrant experiences & what changes the individual has undergone. A decision to start a new life in hope to have a positive outcome. With individuals experiencing change to belong to a certain group or place, in My Fathers Daughter you see a sign of once belonging, she once knew she belonged with her father. Through the death of her father you imagine how her emotional state, leaving her emotionally unstable, limiting her to not belonging anym ore. Looking back at old photos symbolizes the happiness her father brought, the same as n The Simple Gift. l love this place, I love the flow of the cold water over the rocks. The poem Westfield Creek opens with the repetition of the words l love this. The author Henrick proceeds to list the natural elements through which Billy finds a sense of identity belonging to a place. Theretore it becomes evident t at n through choosing not to belong can enhance a groups ability to create a separate identity. It is important to create to form connections with the wider world before this identity can hold any meaning.